Sarojini Naidu wiki, Biography, Family, Poems, Achivement, Early life, Awards and criticism, Political career, writting career.

Sarojini Naidu (13 February 1879-2 March 1949) was an Indian political activist and poet. A proponent of civil rights, women's emancipation, and anti-imperialistic ideas, she was an important figure in India's struggle for independence from colonial rule. Naidu's work as a poet earned her the sobriquet Nightingale of India by Mahatma Gandhi. 

Earlier Life

Sarojini Naidu was born in Hyderabad Aghorenath Chattopadhyay, a Bengali Brahmin who was the principal of the Nizam's College in Hyderabad. She was the eldest of the eight siblings. Their family was well-regarded in Hyderabad, not only for leading the Nizam College of Hyderabad but also as Hyderabad's most famous artists in a time of British rule. Being an artist in the era of British rule in India was considered a risky career, yet with their progressive values, they pursued them anyway. Sarojini Naidu, having passed her matriculation examination from the University of Madras, took a four- year break from her studies. In 1895, H.E.H. the Nizam's Charitable Trust founded by the 6th Nizam, Mahbub Ali Khan who gave her the chance to study in England, first at King's College, London and later at Girton College, Cambridge.

Political Career

Her political career started in 1905 when she became the part of Indian National Movement. Sarojini Naidu with Mahatma Gandhi during Salt Satyagraha, 1930 Naidu joined the Indian independence movement in the wake of partition of Bengal in 1905. She soon met other such leaders as Gopal Krishna Gokhale, Rabindranath Tagore, Mahatma Gandhi and was inspired to work towards attaining freedom from the colonial regime and social reform. Between 1915 and 1918, Naidu travelled to different regions in India delivering lectures on social welfare, emancipation of women and nationalism. She also helped to establish the Women's Indian Association (WIA) in 1917. Later in 1917, Naidu also accompanied her colleague Annie Besant, who was the president of Home Rule League and Women's Indian Association, to present the advocate universal suffrage in front of the Joint Select Committee in London, United Kingdom. Naidu again went to London in 1919 as a part of the All India Home Rule League a part of her continued efforts to advocate for freedom from the British rule. Upon return to India in 1920, she joined Gandhi's Satyagraha Movement. Naidu presided over the 1925 Annual Session of the Indian National Congress at Cawnpore (now Kanpur). She was the first Indian woman and second woman overall (after Annie Besant) to do so. Naidu said in her address, "In the battle for liberty, fear is one unforgivable treachery and despair, the one unforgivable sin". Naidu also presided over East African Indian Congress' 1929 session in South Africa. Naidu was one of the major figures to have led the Civil Disobedience Movement and the Quit India Movement led by Gandhi. She faced repeated arrests by the British authorities during the time and even spent over 21 months in jail. Following India's independence from the British rule in 1947, Naidu was appointed as the governor of the United Provinces (present-day Uttar Pradesh), making her India's first woman governor. She remained in office until her death in March 1949.

Writing Career

Naidu began writing at the age of 12. Her play, Maher Muneer, written in Persian, impressed the Nawab of Hyderabad. In 1905, her first collection of poems, named The Golden Threshold was published. Naidu poem "In the Bazaars of Hyderabad" was published as a part of The Bird of Time with her other poems in 1912. "In the Bazaars of Hyderabad" was well received by critics, who variously noted Naidu's visceral use of rich sensory images in her writing. written in 1927 by Naidu was edited and published The Feather of the Dawn which contained poems posthumously in 1961 by her daughter Padmaja Naidu.
Works
1905: The Golden Threshold, published in the United Kingdom. Spring, published in London
1912: The Bird of Time: Songs of Life, Death & the
1917: The Broken Wing: Songs of Love, Death and the
Spring, including "The Gift of India" in 1915)
1919: Muhammad Jinnah: An Ambassador of Unity
1943: The Sceptred Flute: Songs of India, Allahabad: Kitabistan, posthumously published 1961: The Feather of the Dawn, posthumously (first read in public published, edited by her daughter, Padmaja Naidu
1971:The Indian Weavers

  Awards and Honors

Naidu was awarded the Kaisar-i-Hind Medal by the British government for her work during the plague epidemic in India, but later she returned as a protester due to the April1919 Jallianwala Bagh massacre. For her work in the field of poetry writing, Naidu was given the title of"Nightingale of India". In 2014, Google India commemorated Naidu's 135th birth anniversary with a Google Doodle. Naidu was listed among "150 Leading Women" list by the University of London to mark the 150 years since women gained access to higher education in the United Kingdom in 2018. Asteroid 5647 Sarojininaidu, discovered by Eleanor Helin at Palomar Observatory in 1990, was named in her memory. The official naming citation was published by the Minor Planet Center on 27 August 2019.

Learnings

Sarojini Naidu's dedication to her dream of a free India, which treated its men and women as equal citizens in the eye of the law, will be remembered and celebrated for the many years to come. She was called the 'Nightingale of India' with good reason, a woman who called out the patriarchy at a time when our own country didn't understand the urgency of the word 'freedom'. Sarojini Naidu wasn't just a child prodigy, she was a women who wanted to take the Indian flag across the many oceans. Remembered for her lyrically mesmerising poetry and her infinite contributions to the struggle for independence, Naidu is a beacon of empowerment, drive, and most importantly, hope for men and women of all races and all ages.